A colonoscopy is an investigative technique used to examine the entire length of the large bowel. It involves the insertion of a long, flexible tube with a camera, which includes lighting, irrigiation and insufflation systems, into the anus through to the rectum and colon.

A colonoscopy is useful in diagnosing ulcers, polyps and cancers. Using different accessory instruments, it can be used to both diagnose and treat a range of conditions through procedures such as biopsy (taking a tissue sample for further examination), polypectomy (removal of polyps), endoscopic dissection (removal of larger lesions), haemostasis and stenting (to relieve obstruction).

Indications that a colonoscopy may be required include:

Diagnostic colonoscopy – if you have abnormal symptoms

• Receive a positive result from a faecal occult blood test
• Experience any of the below:
  • Blood or mucus discharge from the rectum or in stool
  • Recent change in bowel habits
  • Feeling like you still need to go to the bathroom after a bowel movement
  • Anaemia
  • A palpable mass in the abdomen
  • Chronic diarrhoea or constipation

Screening/surveillance colonoscopy – if you have a high risk of developing colorectal cancer

• Are over 50 years of age
• Have a family history of colorectal cancer
• Have a personal history of:
  • Colorectal cancer
  • Inflammatory bowel disease